Foods which burn FAT

Foods that are high in protein and fiber are the best kinds of food to eat if you want to burn fat around your middle.
Did you know that it takes more energy to digest protein than it does to digest fat? So the more protein you eat, the more calories your body burns.

1. Eggs
Eggs are super high in protein and can help you burn that unwanted belly fat.
 if you're still worried about your overall cholesterol intake from eating too many eggs, you can remove the yolk and still benefit from the high protein contained in eggs. One of my favorite breakfasts is an egg-white sandwich. Mmmmmm!
Eggs contain the vitamin B12 -- a great supplement for breaking down fat cells.

2. Low Fat Dairy Products
According to an article in Obesity Research, women who ate low-fat dairy products, such as nonfat yogurt and low-fat milk, three to four times a day lost 70 percent more fat than low-dairy dieters.

So, not only do dairy products help you strengthen your bones, they can also play an essential role in burning that unwanted body fat.
3.Beans
While beans are often associated with the gastrointestinal disturbances they may cause, they are also very good sources of protein, fiber and iron.
Some of the best kinds of beans to eat are:
Navy beans
White beans
Kidney beans
Lima beans

4.Oatmeal
While it may not be the tastiest thing you can eat, oatmeal definitely has some great nutritional qualities.
oatmeal is loaded with soluble fiber which helps reduce blood cholesterol by flushing those bad digestive acids out of your system.

The best kind of oatmeal to eat is unsweetened and unflavored. While I know it's tempting to select the apples and cinnamon flavor and load it with butter and sugar -- you really lose out on all the health benefits. If you must sweeten your bowl of oatmeal, do so by adding fruit or  spoonful of honey (much better for you than sugar) and a handful of raisins or dried cranberries.
Oatmeal is also beneficial in fighting colon cancer and heart disease.
5. Olive Oil
Certain fats are good for you and your body needs them. Olive oil is one of those "good fats". In fact, it's so good that it helps you burn fat and keeps your cholesterol down.

Olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fat, a type of fat that researchers are finding provide outstanding health benefits. One ounce of extra virgin olive oil contains about 85% of the daily value for monounsaturated fat.
6. Whole Grains
These days everyone seems to be screaming "No carbs!" It's as if the world has gone no-carb crazy and everyone is running from sliced breads and pastas.

Well the truth is, your body needs carbohydrates. If you go without them completely your body will start to crave them. So it's not a good idea to exclude all carbs because the right kinds are actually good for you.
It's the processed carbohydrates that are bad for you -- the white breads, bagels, pastas, and white rice to name a few.
None of the above foods come out of the ground the way you eat them -- which is usually a bad sign. They've all been processed, thus stripping out all the nutrients leaving you with loads of starch.
The key is to eat "whole grain" foods because they haven't been processed and contain the fiber and minerals your body needs.
So don't be fooled by a loaf of bread labeled "wheat". Regular wheat bread is still lacking in vitamins and minerals. Manufacturers add molasses to it so it turns brown.
Don't let them trick you. The only kind of bread that's good for you is the kind that's labeled "whole grain"
7.Lean Cuts of Meat
Salmon and tuna are also good sources of protein. They both contain omega-3 fatty acids which may sound bad, but are actually healthy fats. These two foods are also good for giving your immune system a nice boost and should be consumed at least 3 times a week.

Note :
Fast methods of losing weight and flattening the stomach are bogus and it's sad that millions of people spend their hard earned money on these scams every year. These companies are playing on the public's ignorance about weight loss and they know how desperate people are to lose weight fast.
Stop giving these companies your money and your life. Diet pills don't do anything but give you false hope, harm your metabolism and possibly cause other health complications.

YOU BOYS WANA BUILD MUSCLES ? go on in natural way....Steroids......Its potential side effects !

Steroids form an important group of compounds based on the fundamental saturated tetracyclic hydrocarbon : 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene (sterane or gonane).

A steroid is a type of organic compound that contains a specific arrangement of four rings that are joined to each other. Examples of steroids include cholesterol, the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone.

Classification

Taxonomical/Functional

Some of the common categories of steroids:

• Animal steroids

• Insect steroids

• Ecdysteroids such as ecdysterone

• Vertebrate steroids

• Steroid hormones

• Sex steroids are a subset of sex hormones that produce sex differences or support reproduction. They include androgens, estrogens, and progestagens.

• Corticosteroids include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Glucocorticoids regulate many aspects of metabolism and immune function, whereas mineralocorticoids help maintain blood volume and control renal excretion of electrolytes. Most medical 'steroid' drugs are corticosteroids.      

• Anabolic steroids are a class of steroids that interact with androgen receptors to increase muscle and bone synthesis. There are natural and synthetic anabolic steroids. In popular language, the word "steroids" usually refers to anabolic steroids.

• Cholesterol, which modulates the fluidity of cell membranes and is the principal constituent of the plaques implicated in atherosclerosis.

• Plant steroids

           o Phytosterols
           o Brassinosteroids

• Fungus steroids

           o Ergosterols


Structural detail :

It is also possible to classify steroids based upon their chemical composition. One example of how MeSH performs this classification is available at the Wikipedia MeSH catalog. Examples from this classification include:

Class	Examples	Number of carbon atoms
Cholestanes	cholesterol	27
Cholanes	cholic acid	24
Pregnanes	progesterone	21
Androstanes	testosterone	19
Estranes	estradiol	18

Gonane  (or steroid nucleus) is the hypothetic parent (17-carbon tetracyclic) hydrocarbon molecule without any alkyl sidechains.



Steroids in Sport

Athletes take steroids to push their bodies past their limits. Athletes, young or old, professional or amateur, always look to gain an advantage over their opponents. Taking steroids gives them an edge, increasing muscle mass and body strength.

Steroid use is most commonly seen in:

    * Football or baseball players, wrestlers – players of sports that depend on strength and size
    * Track and field athletes and swimmers – those who need endurance
    * Bodybuilders
    * Any person interested in building and developing their muscles

It is important to understand that using steroids does not increase skill, agility and performance. These are determined by many factors, including genetics, body size, age, sex, diet, and how hard the athlete trains.

Anabolic steroids are not legal in organized sports. Most professional and amateur sports organizations and medical associations ban anabolic steroids. Athletes who test positive for steroids will be suspended or disqualified and may lose their chance to compete in their sport. Barry Bonds, the San Francisco Giants slugger is the latest sports celebrity involved in the federal probe of steroids used in baseball.

Arnold Schwarzenegger

Dangers of Anabolic Steroids

STEROIDS ??  WHAT YOU GET IN MIND WHEN YOU HEAR IT  !!!

Drugs commonly referred to as "steroids" are classified as anabolic  (or anabolic-androgenic) and corticosteroids. Corticosteroids, such as cortisone, are drugs that doctors typically prescribe to help control inflammation in the body. They're often used to help control conditions like asthma  and lupus. They're not the same as the anabolic steroids that receive so much media attention for their use by some athletes and bodybuilders.

Anabolic steroids are synthetic hormones that can boost the body's ability to produce muscle and prevent muscle breakdown. Some athletes take steroids in the hopes that they will improve their ability to run faster, hit farther, lift heavier weights, jump higher, or have more endurance. In the United States, it is against the law to use anabolic steroids without a prescription.

Androstenedione, or "andro," is a kind of anabolic steroid taken by athletes who want to build muscle. But research suggests that andro taken in large doses every day can significantly increase levels of testosterone, which can lead to a number of health problems.

Harmful Effects of Steroids

 How Do Anabolic Steroids Work?

Anabolic steroids are drugs that resemble the chemical structure of the body's natural sex hormone testosterone, which is made naturally by the body. Testosterone directs the body to produce or enhance male characteristics such as increased muscle mass, facial hair growth, and deepening of the voice, and is an important part of male development during puberty.

When anabolic steroids increase the levels of testosterone in the blood, they stimulate muscle tissue in the body to grow larger and stronger. However, the effects of too much testosterone circulating in the body can be harmful over time.

 Steroids are dangerous for two reasons: they are illegal, and they can damage a person's health, especially if used in large doses over time. Also, the health problems caused by steroids may not appear until years after the steroids are taken.

Although they might help build muscle, steroids can produce very serious side effects. Using steroids for a long time can negatively affect the reproductive system. In males, steroids can lead to impotence, a reduction in the amount of sperm produced in the testicles, and even reduced testicle size.
Females who use steroids may have problems with their menstrual cycles because steroids can disrupt the maturation and release of eggs from the ovaries. This disruption can cause long-term problems with fertility.


Steroids taken for an extended period of time also can cause:

• stunted growth in teens (by causing bones to mature too fast and stop growing at an early age)

• liver tumors

• abnormal enlargement of the heart muscles

• violent, aggressive behavior and mood swings

• blood lipid abnormalities that contribute to heart disease

• acne (or a worsening of acne)

• increased breast growth in males, especially teens

• irreversible stretch marks

• a heightened tendency for hair loss and male-pattern baldness

• muscle aches

• Teen girls and women risk these additional side effects:

• male-type facial and body hair growth and male-pattern baldness

• deepening of the voice

• enlargement of the clitoris

MICROARRAY

In the past few years a new approach has emerged designed to asses differences in gene expressions between various cell types or the same cells treated in different fashions. Thus technology referred to as Micro-array technology or gene profiling has the ability to rapidly and reliably scan large numbers of different mRNAs.

DNA microarray flash animation..
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/genomics/chip/chip.html

Types of microarrays include:

• DNA microarrays, such as cDNA microarrays, oligonucleotide microarrays and SNP microarrays
• MMChips, for surveillance of microRNA populations
• Protein microarrays
• Tissue microarrays
• Cellular microarrays
• Chemical compound microarrays
• Antibody microarrays
• Carbohydrate arrays (glycoarrays)

A microarray

is a multiplex lab-on-a-chip. It is a 2D array on a solid substrate (usually a glass slide or silicon thin-film cell) that assays large amounts of biological material using high-throughput screening methods.

The principle is simple and is derived from what we already know about RNA and DNA hybridization.

mRNA is isolated from the given DNA synthesis is initiated the first strand of cDNA is labeled with the tag. This forms a pool of target sequences.

The next step is to hybridize the labelled cDNA to a microarray.

There are many microarrays commercially available, which fall mainly into two classes ;those composed of cDNA and those composed of oligosaccharides.

Microarrays of cDNA are ,as the name suggests ,a collection of cDNA that have been arranged ,or arrayed on a solid substrate in defined locations.

The substrate varies but usually is a nylon membrane or a glass slide.

If a very small amount of cDNA is used, the spots of cDNA arranged on the substrate can be as small as 100-300 mm in size;it is relatively simple to array as many as 30,ooo cDNA on microscopic slide.

The actual process of arraying the cDNA is usually accomplished using robotics.

Th cDNAs are most frequently obtained from available cDNA libraries and in some cases, are PCR products amplified from the cDNA library using primers specific for certain known genes.

The oligosaharide arrays are usually a collection of oligos 20-25 nucleotides long.

The advantage of this type of array is that one only needs a sequences of genes of interest.No cDNA library is needed.

However the cost of assembling such a array is high, since the oligos have to be made and then spotted on to the filter or glass slide.

Another problem with this approach is ,depending upon the length of the oligo, there can be a degree of non specific hybridization that hinders the final analysis of the data.

This problem can be avoided by making longer oligos-which further increases the cost. For these reasons, oligo arrays are used most often by large pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies.

Uses and types

Many types of array exist and the broadest distinction is whether they are spatially arranged on a surface or on coded beads:

• The traditional solid-phase array is a collection of orderly microscopic "spots", called features, each with a specific probe attached to a solid surface, such as glass, plastic or silicon biochip (commonly known gene chip, genome chip, DNA chip or gene array). Thousands of them can be placed in known locations on a single DNA microarray.
• The alternative bead array is a collection of microscopic polystyrene beads, each with a specific probe and a ratio of two or more dyes, which do not interfere with the fluorescent dyes used on the target sequence.

DNA microarrays can be used to detect DNA (as in comparative genomic hybridization), or detect RNA (most commonly as cDNA after reverse transcription) that may or may not be translated into proteins. The process of measuring gene expression via cDNA is called expression analysis or expression profiling.

Application or technology	Synopsis
Gene expression profiling	In an mRNA or gene expression profiling experiment the expression levels of thousands of genes are simultaneously monitored to study the effects of certain treatments, diseases, and developmental stages on gene expression. For example, microarray-based gene expression profiling can be used to identify genes whose expression is changed in response to pathogens or other organisms by comparing gene expression in infected to that in uninfected cells or tissues.
Comparative genomic hybridization	Assessing genome content in different cells or closely related organisms.
GeneID	Small microarrays to check IDs of organisms in food and feed (like GMO ), mycoplasms in cell culture, or pathogens for disease detection, mostly combiningPCR and microarray technology.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation on Chip	DNA sequences bound to a particular protein can be isolated by immunoprecipitating that protein (ChIP), these fragments can be then hybridized to a microarray (such as a tiling array) allowing the determination of protein binding site occupancy throughout the genome. Example protein to immunoprecipitate are histone modifications (H3K27me3, H3K4me2, H3K9me3, etc), Polycomb-group protein (PRC2:Suz12, PRC1:YY1) and trithorax-group protein (Ash1) to study the epigenetic landscape or RNA Polymerase II to study the transcription landscape.
SNP detection	Identifying single nucleotide polymorphism among alleles within or between populations. Several applications of microarrays make use of SNP detection, includingGenotyping, forensic analysis, measuring predisposition to disease, identifying drug-candidates, evaluating germline mutations in individuals or somatic mutations in cancers, assessing loss of heterozygosity, or genetic linkage analysis.
Alternative splicingdetection	An 'exon junction array design uses probes specific to the expected or potential splice sites of predicted exons for a gene. It is of intermediate density, or coverage, to a typical gene expression array (with 1-3 probes per gene) and a genomic tiling array (with hundreds or thousands of probes per gene). It is used to assay the expression of alternative splice forms of a gene. Exon arrays have a different design, employing probes designed to detect each individual exon for known or predicted genes, and can be used for detecting different splicing isoforms.
Fusion genesmicroarray	A Fusion gene microarray can detect fusion transcripts, e.g. from cancer specimens. The principle behind this is building on the alternative splicing microarrays. The oligo design strategy enables combined measurements of chimeric transcript junctions with exon-wise measurements of individual fusion partners.
Tiling array	Genome tiling arrays consist of overlapping probes designed to densely represent a genomic region of interest, sometimes as large as an entire human chromosome. The purpose is to empirically detect expression of transcripts or alternatively splice forms which may not have been previously known or predicted.